Review of offshore wind farm impact monitoring and mitigation with regard to marine mammals
Verfuß, U.K.; Sparling, C.E.; Arnot, A.; Judd, A.; Coyle, M. (2016). Review of offshore wind farm impact monitoring and mitigation with regard to marine mammals, in: Popper, A.N. et al. The effects of noise on aquatic life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 875: pp. 1175-1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_147
In: Popper, A.N.; Hawkins, A. (Ed.) (2016). The effects of noise on aquatic life II. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 875. Springer Science+Business Media, Inc: New York. ISBN 978-1-4939-2980-1. xxx, 1292 pp., more
In: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer: Berlin. ISSN 0065-2598; e-ISSN 2214-8019, more
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| Keywords |
Aquatic organisms > Marine organisms > Aquatic mammals > Marine mammals
Marine/Coastal |
| Author keywords |
Offshore wind farm; Impact monitoring; Mitigation; Licensing procedure |
| Authors | | Top |
- Verfuß, U.K.
- Sparling, C.E.
- Arnot, A.
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| Abstract |
Monitoring and mitigation reports from 19 UK and 9 other European Union (EU) offshore wind farm (OWF) developments were reviewed, providing a synthesis of the evidence associated with the observed environmental impact on marine mammals. UK licensing conditions were largely concerned with mitigation measures reducing the risk of physical and auditory injury from pile driving. At the other EU sites, impact monitoring was conducted along with mitigation measures. Noise-mitigation measures were developed and tested in UK and German waters in German government-financed projects. We highlight some of the review’s findings and lessons learned with regard to noise impact on marine mammals. |
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